The Internet is one big open system composed of many closed boxes — which makes measuring the Internet difficult. In this post we explore Internet measurement as a science.

Cloudflare Radar has launched a new Top-Level Domain (TLD) page, providing insights into TLD popularity, traffic, and security. The top-ranking TLD may come as a surprise.

While large cloud providers hold vast troves of passive network data, analyzing them is complicated. The scale, noise, and absence of definitive ground truth all create major hurdles. Yet by carefully quantifying these constraints and finding alternative forms of evidence, meaningful insights can still emerge.